This refers to minimally invasive, keyhole techniques to assess the electrical conducting system of the heart with catheters introduced under local anaesthetic via great veins in the top of the leg and sometimes around the neck. This is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of some heart rhythm disturbances. Ablation treatment – freezing or heating parts of the conducting system of the heart to cure or improve heart rhythm problems – may sometimes be undertaken at the same time if appropriate. Dr Pegge’s patients who require this are referred to consultant colleagues who specialise in these procedures.